Osteoarthritis is one of the most common rheumatic diseases. It affects the joints, causing wear and tear that, if the appropriate measures are not taken, can become permanent.
This is the “life cycle” of the disease:
1. Causes
The causes of osteoarthritis can be several, but they are basically divided into two groups: those that cannot be avoided, such as genetics, and those that can be modified, such as physical activity, repetitive movements or obesity.
2. Symptoms
The first thing that will make us suspect the symptoms of osteoarthritis is joint pain. This is a pain that manifests itself when we get moving after long periods of rest, and that improves with movement. Other symptoms that characterize osteoarthritis are stiffness, crepitus or crackling due to rubbing, deformity, functional disability and swelling or leakage of joint fluid.
3. Diagnosis
When we notice that the symptoms persist, we will go to a doctor who can diagnose us through a thorough examination.
This will consist of the evaluation of osteoarthritis using a scale, and an imaging test such as an X-ray to assess the condition of the joints.
4. Treatment
There are three types of treatments: non-pharmacological, which consists of daily exercises and natural therapies such as balneotherapy; pharmacological, through analgesics or anti-inflammatories to reduce pain and chondroprotective drugs, such as chondroitin sulfate, to delay the progression of osteoarthritis as well as reduce symptoms. Finally, in the event that osteoarthritis is in an advanced stage and no improvement has been shown by any of the other routes, there is the alternative of surgical treatment.
Experts such as rheumatologist Pablo Manzano Fernández-Amigo, highlight prevention measures based on physical exercise programs to strengthen circulation in the joints and tone muscles, avoid joint overload, wear appropriate footwear and try to maintain a correct body weight through a balanced diet.
Source: Osteoarthritis
